Friday, May 31, 2019

Religion in American Politics Essay -- Role of Religious Lobbies

The United States of America has the most diverse religious population in the world. In places like Iraq, Syria, Israel, Afghanistan, Yemen, and other countries too many to mention, countless lives be lost over religious differences. In America, a Protestant can live happily next door to a Jew, who skill live across the street from a Muslim, or a Catholic, or a Sikh, or even a Humanist This is in no trivial way attributed to the fact that the US Constitutions First Amendment includes what is known as the establishment clause, which states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, effectively separating affairs of religious institutions from secular, governmental institutions. That is, however, no guarantee that American politics will turn a blind eyeball to religious beliefs. In fact, in the past few decades, political agendas have been turning more and more religious in nature(Paraschivescu 201222).In 1960 John F. Kennedy was elective the first Roman Catholic President of the United States, putting an end to the 171-year tradition of presidents, beginning with George Washington, that were from Protestant backgrounds. While many conservative Protestants scoffed at Kennedy as trying to break down the wall of separation between church and state and bring Catholic teachings into American government, Kennedy eloquently replied by saying, I accept in an America where the separation of church and state is absolutewhere no Catholic prelate would tell a Catholic president how to act and no Protestant attend would tell his parishioners for whom to vote. Kennedy went on to elaborate that no faith-based educational institution should be granted money by t... ...olitical system for as long as Americans are religious.ReferencesChapp, C. B. (2012). Religious rhetoric and American politics The endurance of civil religion in electoral campaigns. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press.Fowler, Robert Booth, and Allen D. Hertzke. 1995. Religion and Politics in America Faith, Culture and strategic Choices. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press.Hertzke, Allen D. 1989. The Role of Religious Lobbies. Religion in American Politics. Ed. Charles W. Dunn. Washingtonc D.C. Congressional Quarterly.Kosmin, Barry A., and Seymour P. Lachman. 1993. One Nation Under God Religion in Contemporary American Society. New York Harmony Books. Paraschivescu, M. (2012). We the People and God, religion and the political discourse in the United States of America. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 11(33), 21-38.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Mission Review :: essas papers

Mission ReviewHello Agent 42701, by the looks of it, I see you have grown quite weary of your post. not to worry, the agency has new plans for you, a change of pace. We have decided in setting a matter of utmost importance to national gage your way. Your immaculate record, highly expansive educational background, and comprehensive training in espionage make you the agencys only choice for this matter. It has come to the attention of the agency that an vacuum tube syndicate, also known as Admissions, has brainwashed educational authorities in the state of Florida into allowing the cartel to enter Florida colleges and universities and gather highly sensitive data. Admissions have site themselves in a position to deny high school seniors entry to the graduate school of their choice.Admissions is accomplishing this task through a ploy known as the Application Essay or AP. The agency is most interested in the information that Admissions has gathered through the FSU division. Your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to infiltrate Admissions and assume the identity of a reviewer. While undercover analyze all documents as any other Admissions reviewer would. Your priority is to gather Intel on one particular student, for security reasons we shall refer to this student as Mister Cheeks. Mr. Cheeks is believed to be of particular interest to Admissions due to his superior writing techniques, vast intelligence, mathematical mastery, and scientific gift. An Admissions henchmen known only to us as The Big Boss is holding the AP of Mr. Cheeks. Your task is to entice The Big Boss using any means you deem as necessary to add-on her trust, and the trust of Admissions, when access is acquired to Mr. Cheeks AP produce a copy.Agent 42701, this is a high-risk operation. An elite agent, Cherry Maraciano, was apprehended two weeks ago while infiltrating Admissions. Cherry was capable to access Mr. Cheeks writing portfolio and give us her review of it before being captured, she was unable to secure a copy of Mr. Cheeks AP. This is the information Cherry was able to relay before she was seizedAdmissions security is minimal here is what I have learned of Mr. Cheeks. His discipline and attendance records are similar of those of any regular scholar terminate high school. Dont be fooled he is no regular scholar, Mr.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

How Do The Poets In The Selection Of Pre 1914 Poems You Have Read, :: English Literature

How Do The Poets In The Selection Of Pre 1914 Poems You Have Read,Present Different Attitudes To Death? Which Do You Find someConvincing? What Influences Their Views?Different people have different attitudes to death. Some be afraid,some dont care. A difference of opinion is definitely shown in theselection of poems I have read. Song and Remember by ChristinaRossetti suggest that she is not too bothered about death. It seemsthat Christina Rossetti sees death as the end, whereas WilliamWordsworth who wrote We are Seven has the attitude that heat carrieson and is remembered after death. Although We are Seven takes on achildish, almost stubborn view, the point it makes is, death cannotseparate people. Two of us in the church-yard lie, my sis and mybrother, and in the church-yard cottage I dwell near them with mymother.Personally, I think Christina Rossettis poems are most convincing asshe has expressed her opinions in a earthy way. This is closelyfollowed by Ozymandias by Percy By sshee Shelley, because using ametaphor has generalised what most people think about death. I thinkWilliam Wordsworths poem We are Seven is less convincing as it isvery childish The little maid would have her will to me, this givesthe picture of a spoilt child refusing to tooshie down until she gets herown way This may have been done on purpose, but it is not convincingto the adult reader because by the time you show up your adult yearsyou are more mature and your views have been moulded by society to acertain extent.After reading the poems, I cannot see a specific pattern in which theyall follow, although there is more than one category that the poemsfall into. For example Remember by Christina Rossetti andOzymadias by Percy Byshee Shelley are sonnets (a tralatitious form oflove poetry) and At Home and Song by Christina Rossetti and Weare seven by William Wordsworth seem to be telling a story, or biginstructions. When I am dead, my dearest, sing no sad songs for meWe are seven is broken up into many stanzas, each stanza developingand moving on from the introductory one. It also has a definite end, whichall stories have. Christina Rossetti and Percy Byshee Shelley used thesonnet form to write a poem about death, as the poems were for a loveras opposed to about a lover. This still links the traditional subjectof love sonnets and these two unique sonnets about death.In We are seven by William Wordsworth the little girl doesnt want

Essays --

Consequently, California high(prenominal) study has increased in student fees in order to gain the amount of the land budget. Larry Gordon, Gale Holland, and Mitchell Landsberg, authors of the member The California Fix, defend pointed out that CSU system has raised student fees by a total of 32% and is commanding 24 furlough days for tout ensemble employees, including college presidents in 2009. Indeed, the UC system has a reduced freshman enrollment by 6% and hiking undergraduate fees by 9.3%. Then, G all overnor Jerry Brown has fund higher education but not enough. Laurel Rosenhall, author of the article After Massive Cuts, has revealed in 2010, state funding for CSU went up by more than 11% over in 2009 while UC moved up by more than 12%. In 2011, Brown decided to intend cutting $500 million from each one from the University of California (UC) and California State University (CSU) systems and another $400 million from a California Community College (CCC). Brown also has pl ans to raise fees on community colleges from $26-$36 a unit which means a full-time student would actually pay $1,080 per school year in fall 2011 (Rosenhall).According to Investment hebdomadary News, May 17, 2012, the California Student Aid Commission bequeath resist to proposed Cal Grant cuts and the rearrangement of the Cal Grant Entitlement Program. The proposal of Cal Grant cuts pull up stakes reduce college opportunity for students. This will affect the greatest free funding at the UC and CSU when the Governors proposal to eliminate Cal Grant which low income students cannot afford the rising cost of higher education. Michele Siqueriro, commissioner of the Campaigns for College Opportunity, explains that Cal Grant students whose family incomes are $50,000 a year for a family of four would lose t... ...ion in funding. However, California is struggling due to the economy so CSU will have to look for ways to modernize and educate students in difficult finaincal times (Dulaney) .Although our parents thought the higher education system is the key to success, the budget cuts is causing the state and people to save money in California. Conversely, students are concern about the reductions that will extend the time it takes to gruaduate in four years. Most likely higher tuition is distressing many students to pay their student loans. For example, Dior Sweeney, a senior at UC Berkeley, has works two jobs while going to school, but he believes when he graduate that he will owe more than 20,000 student loans. He also worries about paying his tuition, rent, transportation, and food because the economy is effecting him to think that he will not get a job with a B.A. (Chea 7).

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Aristotle and Aquinas Essay -- Philosophy essays

Aristotle and doubting Thomas Among political theorists, the debate over the rule of law has been quite intense. From the soonest days of political philosophy through to the enlightenment, there have been varying views on what the rule of law should be. Two thinkers in particular - Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas - are perhaps the most influential. On the surface, they both advocate the rule of law as playing a crucial role in society. except upon deeper analysis, one finds that Aristotles views sharply contrast with those of Aquinas. This essay shall attempt to elucidate the disagreement between Aristotle and Aquinas, by first outlining Aristotles arguments for and against the rule of law, and then by explaining what Aristotle would find short-staffed with Aquinas arguments. In the third book of Politics (1286a8ff.), Aristotle presents a number of arguments for and against the rule of law. He begins by posing a question around which his ensuing news revolves The beginning point of the inquiry if this whether it is more advantageous to be ruled by the best man or by the best laws.1 He effect to point out that laws only speak of the universal, and that they do not command a view to circumstance2 He uses the analogy of an Egyptian heal to prove his point. In Egypt, a doctor must follow legal procedure when treating a patient. It is only after the fourth day that the doctor is legally permitted to use his or her own discretion, and even then, it is at his or her own risk. Thus, the doctor must follow the prescribed routine (until the fourth day), even if it leads to the finis of his patient. Aristotle uses this example to illustrate that the best regime cannot be one that i... ...le by law, or to fool by law that is the question. And the debate still rages on. BIBLIOGRAPHY Lord, Carnes trans. Aristotle, The Politics. University of Chicago conjure Chicago 1985 Baumgarth, William P. and Richard J. Regan eds. Aquinas, St. Thomas. On Law, Morality, a nd Politics. Hackett Publishing Company, Indiana 1998 1 Lord, Carnes trans. - Aristotle, The Politics. P. 111 Ln. 8-9 2 Ibid. Ln. 11-12 3 Ibid. Ln. 20-21 4 Ibid. Ln. 30 5 Ibid. Ln. 35 6 Ibid. Pp. 111-112. Ln.36-37 7 Ibid. P. 112. Ln. 2 8 Ibid. Ln.6 9 Ibid. P. 114. Ln 28 10 Ibid. P. 115. Ln. 4-5 11 Baumgarth, William P. and Richard J. Regan eds. Aquinas, St. Thomas. On Law, Morality, and Politics. P. 57 12 Ibid. Pp. 57-58 13 Ibid. P. 58 14 Ibid. P. 116. Ln. 28

Aristotle and Aquinas Essay -- Philosophy essays

Aristotle and Aquinas Among political theorists, the debate over the rule of law has been quite intense. From the earliest days of political philosophy through to the enlightenment, at that place have been varying views on what the rule of law should be. Two thinkers in particular - Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas - are perhaps the most influential. On the surface, they both(prenominal) advocate the rule of law as playing a crucial role in society. But upon deeper analysis, one finds that Aristotles views sharply contrast with those of Aquinas. This essay shall onslaught to elucidate the disagreement between Aristotle and Aquinas, by first outlining Aristotles arguments for and against the rule of law, and then by explaining what Aristotle would find inadequate with Aquinas arguments. In the third book of Politics (1286a8ff.), Aristotle presents a number of arguments for and against the rule of law. He begins by posing a question around which his ensuing discussion revolves The beginning point of the inquiry if this whether it is more positive to be ruled by the best man or by the best laws.1 He proceeds to point out that laws only speak of the universal, and that they do not command a view to circumstance2 He uses the analogy of an Egyptian doctor to prove his point. In Egypt, a doctor moldiness follow legal procedure when treating a patient. It is only after the fourth day that the doctor is legally permitted to use his or her own discretion, and even then, it is at his or her own risk. Thus, the doctor must follow the prescribed routine (until the fourth day), even if it leads to the death of his patient. Aristotle uses this example to illustrate that the best regime cannot be one that i... ...le by law, or to fool by law that is the question. And the debate still rages on. BIBLIOGRAPHY Lord, Carnes trans. Aristotle, The Politics. University of Chicago Press Chicago 1985 Baumgarth, William P. and Richard J. Regan eds. Aquinas, St. Thomas. On Law , Morality, and Politics. Hackett Publishing Company, Indiana 1998 1 Lord, Carnes trans. - Aristotle, The Politics. P. 111 Ln. 8-9 2 Ibid. Ln. 11-12 3 Ibid. Ln. 20-21 4 Ibid. Ln. 30 5 Ibid. Ln. 35 6 Ibid. Pp. 111-112. Ln.36-37 7 Ibid. P. 112. Ln. 2 8 Ibid. Ln.6 9 Ibid. P. 114. Ln 28 10 Ibid. P. 115. Ln. 4-5 11 Baumgarth, William P. and Richard J. Regan eds. Aquinas, St. Thomas. On Law, Morality, and Politics. P. 57 12 Ibid. Pp. 57-58 13 Ibid. P. 58 14 Ibid. P. 116. Ln. 28

Monday, May 27, 2019

Syntax ??“ Transformational Grammar

I Humanistic motivations I Behavioral motivations I As an associate to illustrating the patterns of English I As an lad In the systematic and explicit analysis of the structure of English sentences. E. G. *The recent strike by pilots have cost the country a great roll in the hay of money from tourism and so on. E. G. He said that that that that that man used was wrong. Understanding of syntax, transformation grammar (TUG) and systemic functional rammer (SGF) will be beneficial in clarifying how each word is categorized, and the contribution that it makes in a sentence.Objectives of the research I Looking at simple types of moods considering in which components and with what type of descriptive tool should this complexity be handled. I Looking for any contrast at the train of form considering Is this contrast also a contrast at the level of meaning (Miller, 2008) Literature Review I SGF does not use re-write regulations to create the primary structure. I No transformational rules to modify the present structures.I The grammar merely stores up the choices of semantic aspects that are made for every semantic unit, and then generates the appropriate syntactic unit (Horniness, 2009) Conclusion I The main difference between theories used In TUG and SGF Is that the SGF supports and demands a reference that Is technologically more advanced than the TUG.. I SGF theory Is multidimensional In terms of rank, delicacy, intellectual, axis and Instantiation. (Redford, 2004)

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Interpretation Job

I deem the Graduate Trainee Program as one of the epitomes of Centrelinks thrust in showcasing the best and brightest Australia has to offer the international community. Being part of a vibrant, dedicated and diverse group of individuals entrusted to foster understanding and promote the countrys foreign and trade trans fulfil is a challenge anyone who believes in Australia should be proud to be a part of.Having read Politics and Government in university and presently doing my post-graduate studies in international Relations give me the fundamental, if not advanced, skills as well as awareness of local and international socio-political and economic realities of today. Complementary to my academic skills are the English dustup pedagogics experiences I have locally and abroad, which contributed immensely to my understanding of different cultures and peoples of varying age group.Being trilingual (English, Korean and street Japanese) gives me the edge to send word not only the langu age of other people but the nuances of what a language conveys, this is a paramount trait in comprehending the distinct language of diplomacy. It has helped me acquit with clients in an interpretation job, students in a teaching assignment or local tribes people in medical or mercy thrills. One of the jobs I do on the side is translation and interpretation work from Korean to English and vice versa.This type of work distinguishs with Korean trade delegations coming to Australia to deal with Australian business owners. Both Korean and Australian clients require submission of a written project proposal precedent to getting the tasking. The proposal calls for demonstrating my competence and advanced level of understanding not only of the Korean and English languages but the cultures as well. In writing the proposal, I set my plan of action and the methodology to be used for the translation and interpretation processes.After the clients read through my proposal, I present it to bo th parties and convince them of my being the right psyche to get the job done. During the actual translation/interpretation work, I sometimes observe that the principals understanding of what each said to the other may get addled in translation. The outcome of which is that on several occasions, I had to mediate and arbitrate so that the two factions agree on correct interpretations. It is noteworthy seeing unconnected parties come to terms because of my diplomatic approach and diligence in getting the job done properly.In 2001, while doing community re-building voluntary work with the offspring with a Mission (YMAN), a non-government organization assisting marginalized communities worldwide, I was a trainee team leader charged with a group of young offer ups from the United States, Canada, Australia, Fiji and even Australian aborigines. We were in northern Thailand amongst the Karen and Hmong tribes and I found out that due to their patriarchal society, the males in the tribe s refused to work with our female volunteers.This caused some setbacks since individual assignments were already given prior to arriving on site. As the team leader of the group, I discussed this problem with the senior team leader and recommended that we should respect their culture in nightclub to complete the mission. I talked with the team and organised the male volunteers to work in building houses and improving the local site. The female volunteers took on the English teaching assignments and medical assistance. This went well with the local populace and we gained their respect because we demonstrated our reverence for their beliefs.I would have done things differently by studying the culture, beliefs and peculiarities of the tribes first prior to embarking on another volunteer mission. Team success rests with good leadership and management. I related the leader and manager role since despite being distinct characteristics, they are inseparable traits of soulfulness charged with such daunting assignment. A leader/manager must have the vision to effectively implement tasks and the steadfastness to successfully complete mission objectives.My value as a team member is the ability to work cohesively with each team member and agree to set aside idiosyncrasies in order to fulfill collective goals. People with different backgrounds can be incorporated in a team by appealing to their individual aims and marry them with the strategical objectives. During one of my courses in post-graduate studies, our class simulated a United Nations Security Council meeting and I played the part of the Secretary General. We were doing North Korean thermonuclear proliferation conflict resolution and individuals have their own opinions on how best to mitigate the problem.Playing the goodwill role, I contributed to the team output by consolidating valid points from individuals and getting a group consensus that the solution to North Koreas nuclear arms program is by catering to the North Koreans need for aid in exchange for simplification or total demobilization of the nuclear arms. While working as a contractual English instructor in Korea, I noticed that the students larn English, though very diligent and hardworking, English have a hard time with conversational, street-speak and business English.This is due to the formation of the program wherein they learn classroom and supposed English but lacking the suave and practical application. Korea is a very rigid and structured society and change usually comes at a baffling phase. I adapted and conformed to the norms of the school but took the initiative by instructing my students to prepare a five-minute oral presentation of a country of their choice. The presentations have to be make with individually hand-made posters to have more impact in terms of graphics.After each students presentation, critiques from the class in English, were done and this further confirmed the value of the pioneering teaching methodology. Needless to say, my technique was adapted by other teachers, who found it more efficient than the processes they have been using for years. Even the school director was pleased with my act that when my contract ended, he offered to renew it but I declined since I had to go back to Australia to pursue my studies.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Divine Roles

University of Phoenix Material Divine Roles Across Cultures Matrix Select angiotensin-converting enzyme common divine role that recurs in world mythology. Possible options of divine roles include the hobby father or mother divinities, divinities of war, home or home divinities, divinities of love, divinities of wisdom, divinities of medicine or health, divinities of the wind, divinities of agriculture, divinities of the sky, ruler of all the gods, and so on. Identify the role in the title of your matrix. Select two myths, to each one from a different culture, in which the divine role appears.Identify the divinity names and cultures in columns A and B. Complete the matrix by answering each of the five questions for both selected divinities.Is the divinity masculine or female?How does this divinity is the leader and they all rule theiras well as the father so they both interact with or comparing to divinities family and some even the world. Just share of the same roles. The moth er of the same gender and to divinities ofas the mother she also have a lot of in every divinity mostly share the the opposite gender?say so in the leader ship role. same role some may act different but they have are mother. What are the divinitys attributes, The powers that this divinity has is The powers that this divinity has is such as divine powers or to shit better hatful by taking apart to make better people by taking apart characteristics?What objects does the in their children life because I in their children life because I divinity possess, such as a utensil or believe if people live by example believe if people live by example animal, that assist him or her? then there children are most probably then there children are most likely to follow. As a parent sometimes a to follow. As a parent sometimes a weapon can be talking to your weapon can be talking to your children or beating them with a belt. hildren or beating them with a belt. Identify one character from contem porary culture that shares characteristics of each divinity and explain why you chose each character. What real-life ideals does this divine role represent?How attainable are these ideals?Summary Write a 150- to 350-word short essay addressing the following Why do so many cultures have divinities in similar roles?

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Pedestrian Counts

1. Pedestrian CountsMy Isoline Map of Cambridge shows that, as I predicted, the overall trend of my info is that the further you move away from the city, the fewer the number of go-carts. This theory is backed up by my scatter graph, which shows a negative correlation meaning that the baby-walker counts and the distance away from the city centre are inversely proportional, with lower counts the further you move away. The two innermost, red coloured zones of the map have pedestrian counts in the mid four hundreds. These counts are this high for a number of reasons. They are in the centre of Cambridges CBD, and as a result are modify with high demand shops and services, and a large number of densely populated office blocks.For instance the rendition recorded on Market road, showing 419 throng passing that efflorescence in ten minutes was most probably collect to the famous Cambridge Market which lies thither. The highest reading of 465 on the corner of St Andrews street was ag ain due to the presence of a great many shops and services. I also note that the time when these readings were taken is also important. The fact that they were taken at 1130am on a Wednesday morning is crucial as this would be one of the times where the highest density of sight would be shopping and working in offices. If these readings had been taken at 1130am on a Sunday then I believe that the results would have been very different.At point number 27 I would produce that there is an anomalous result. A pedestrian count of only 90 here does not keep in with the 400+ trend, and though there are a few mistakable results around it, such as the 107 at point 28, I feel that this result is an anomaly. A possible explanation for this is that there are very few shops in that area, but I think that a more likely one is that the boys took the reading at a point which was not actually on the main road, but down a tiny side street. Of course the boy may simply have got it wrong.The future (a) zone on the Isoline map is coloured orange and deals with pedestrian counts from 300 down to 200. These points are situated mainly near the larger collages meaning I would estimate that the majority of the pedestrians would be tourists. This theory is corroborated by the fact that the highest reading of 270 was recorded at the corner of the St Johns Collage, a place of great tourist interest.The final exam yellow zone is for counts of 200 to 100. They seem to be mainly clustered around the western side of the shopping district, with four expose of the seven reading found here. The other three readings are on main roads, with the highest of 178 being found at a junction of two main roads.This Isoline map is similar to the Burgess Urban model, in the highest density of people are in the centre of the town. However, it also differs from it as the zones are clearly not circular, with no people being found on the river.2. Tax DiscsAs you can see from my tax discs map, most (12 out o f 20) of the cars I surveyed were registered in Cambridge. This fits my prediction, and the is obviously because the survey was carried out IN Cambridge, and therefore any residents surveyed were very likely to have their car registered at the placed they lived. In regard to the other 8 cars not registered in Cambridge, the ones registered in relatively far off places such as Kent and London and were most probably belonging to tourists who had come up to see Cambridge.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

John Locke’s theory about political power

John Lockes theory about political power is establish on the idea of perfect freedom, a state every wholeness is naturally in while conducting personal proceedings and using possessions in normal vogue without pressing over or depending on other work force. A jurisprudence of nature governs the state of nature teaching that all people are live and independent entirely they bay windownot hurt or destroy another persons life, liberty, health or possessions. God gives to his people different things to use for the best advantage of their lives but no one is born to has a domination over the other.There is a natural way in which a man can express the refine to the things that are not beneficial to any other man yet. Then determination of keeping is given. Locke Justifies property as the labor of his body and the work of his pass on. For the property to occur a person takes something from nature, mixes it with things that used to belong to him and adds his labor. This individual la bor is basically a main point from which exclusive right for the property starts and becomes unquestionable for the laborer as long as good enough is left for others.Every man is lord of his own. So, the only primer why man can give up his personal freedom and be bonded by political power of another man is his own consent and wish to unite with others into one mutually beneficial community. This community or governing is considered to be safer, more(prenominal) comfortable and peaceful than life in his personal estate that could be peril to invasions of others. The state of personal freedom is very unsafe and less enjoyable than secure life in society which is concerned about preservation of property.Tyranny is an get along of power beyond right. It happens when anyone uses his r her power not for the best of others, but for the satisfaction of personal passions such as greediness, ambitions, wish to overpower others against the law of nature. So, whenever such situation has oc curred it has to be opposed because if the law is transgressed it causes harm to other people. Being rich or having an exceeding power is never a reason or an excuse for rapine and oppression.It doesnt matter if this man has a high or low rank, but for the king exceeding the authority is more shameful than for the constable because more trust is given to him. A king is also ell better educated and more acknowledged about right and unconventional things to do which additionally obligates him. People willfully choose and authorize a legislative to create laws that will guarantee preservation of properties for each member in the community.People will never choose a legislative that makes laws being able to demolish things that everyone is trying to protect. When a legislative being ambitious or pervert makes an attempt to go against fundamental rule of the society trying to enslave people, breaking the trust at that moment his authority is ended. A new government which is ble to work for the protection of society should be chosen in case the old one bitrates the trust of people. Jeffersons text of the Declaration of Independence is mainly base on the ideas developed by Locke.Jeffersons truth to be self evident is basically the determination ot state ot nature in the work ot Locke. All men are created equal having certain rights, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Governments are instituted among men to protect these fundamental rights. In case the governor rules destructively over the people under his power he deserved nd should be thrown off his position and new guards for future security should be found.Jefferson writes the main part of Declaration describing that ruling of a present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations. A prince whose character is thus attach by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people, he says. At this point a direct referral to the Lockes idea of pe rfect freedom is made. Using Lockes fundamental ideas in Declaration of Independence Jefferson Justifies separation of United States from England.

Filipino Children’s Uses of the Internet and Mobile Phone Essay

I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMHow do Filipino children integrate the mesh and mobile phone into their everyday life and peer and family relationships? This theater of operations is a response to a suggestion by Sonia Livingstone (2003) to investigate further childrens relationships in the cutting media environs. It also seeks to address the lack of empirical studies on Filipino childrens engagements with and in the new media, specifically the Internet and mobile phone. Why children? As children become more exposed to new media through school and Home, it is alpha to investigate how they use and appropriate these technologies in their everyday life. Do these technologies allow for continuity or change in childrens experience of leisure, school, peer and family relationships?II. supposalNo stated hypothesis in the study.III. RESEARCH METHODIII.a Research DesignSince the objective is to identify, describe and explain childrens activities in the new media environment and how they use these technologies, a qualitative design was employed for the study. This approach allows us to probe further into the contextual realm of childrens engagements with and in the new media.III.b toolData were gathered through a depth interview guide, which allowed respondents to narrate and explain their uses of the Internet and mobile phone as well as their relationships online. The spare-time activity are the concepts investigated and the corresponding questionsa. Access and Usage of the Mobile Phone/Internet1. How did you come to own one? Why?2. How long have you been using a mobile phone?3. How often do you use the phone?4. Where do you have Internet access? Why?5. How often do you use the Internet? Why?b. Uses and Contexts of the Mobile Phone1. What do you do with your cell phone? Why?2. What types of messages do you send? Why?IV. CONCLUSIONAcknowledging the lack of empirical studies on children and new media, this study asked how a sample of Filipino children integrated new me dia into their everyday lives and in their relationships with peers and family members. It sought to understand the uses of the Internet and mobile phone in the context of home (family life), school, and leisure activities of children. A contextual approach to the use of new media looks at how these technologies are incorporated into everyday routines and acknowledges how values and social practices order new media uses. By comparing Internet and mobile phone uses, this preliminary study sought to ascertain themeanings of these two different but related media among Filipino children. Data suggested that the contexts of family, school, and leisure defined the uses of the new media. The Internet was used mainly for information seeking related to school and interests, relational maintenance (friends and relatives) and leisure.On the otherwise hand, the mobile phone was used for coordinating day-to-day practicalities, relational maintenance among family members and peers, and was depl oyed by parents as a means to monitor their childrens whereabouts and activities. In spin participants construed the medium as an extension of parental presence. The study also probed into family and peer relationships of participants in the new media environment. The goal was to provide evidence that would support or diverge opinion regarding the potential of the medium as an environment where social relations are created or maintained. Findings suggested that the media were used primarily to maintain the participants existing social networks earlier than creating new ones. Rarely was the medium used to create new relations. It is important to note that existing relational kinetics in the family largely influence interactions on the mobile phone. Although the phone provided accessibility, it was not a guarantee in improving relations between parents and children, and among siblings.IV. ANALYSISThe obvious change is the accessibility and convenience that these new media provide t o facilitate information search and communication. The impact can be seen in the way children do research and regard reading books. As the study unveiled, participants tended to spend less time in the library and get their material instead online, where information is easily copied. The ways school children do research on the Internet could be investigated in future studies. This finding also suggests a need to emphasize detailed media literacy among young people that would train them to be critical consumers and users of online information.Almost all of the Filipinos of today are well-oriented when it comes to latest gadgets and its uses, especially the adolescents who used this in almost all of the time. However, there is a big problem when it comes to the neat use of technology. Some Filipinos tend to be abusing the trueessence of technology. Some used it for cyber bullying and any sort of crime related to this. Accessibility does not necessarily alter existing social and cultu ral practices for example, participants tended to communicate more within their network of relations. Indeed for this sample of children, Filipino family and peer relational dynamics still find their way in the new media environment.V. REFERENCESBakardjieva, M. and Smith, R. (2001). The internet in everyday life. saucy Media and Society. 3 (1) 67-83.Jones, S. (1995). Community in the information age. In S. E. Jones Ed.. Cybersociety ready reckoner Mediated Communication and Community. London Sage. Leung, L. & Wei, R. (2000). More than just talk on the move Uses and gratifications of the cellular phone. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. 77 (2) 308-320.Lievrouw, L. & Livingstone, S. (2002). Handbook of New Media Social Shaping and Consequences of ICTs. London Sage.Livingstone, S. & Bovill, M. (1999). Young people, new media. Report of the Research Project. Children, young people and the changing media environment. London School of Economics and Political Science. address able http//www.lse.ac.uk/collections/medialse/whosWho/soniaLivingstonePublications3.htm Livingstone, S. (2002). Childrens Use of the Internet A Review of Research Literature. National Childrens Bureau. Available http//www.ncb.org.uk/publications/publication Livingstone, S. (2003). Childrens use of the internet reflections on the rising research agenda. New Media and Society. 5 (2) 147-166.http//www.amic.org.sg/Resources/Research_Materials/Media_Youth_and_Children/Filipino%20Children%20Uses%20of%20the%20Internet%20and%20Mobile%20Phone.pdf

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Etymology Case Essay

The book of account horticulture is modeled after agriculture, and comes from the Latin hortus tend and cultra cultivation, from cultus, the perfect passive participle of the verb col I prep ar.Hortus is cognate with the native English word yard (in the meaning of land associated with a building) and alike the borrowed word garden.Understanding horticultureHorticulture is a term that evokes images of plants, gardening, and spate working in the horticultural industries. For the public, and policy makers, the term is not completely understood nor is its impact on homo activities been fully appreciated. Horticulture impacts widely on human activities, more than than its popular understanding as merely gardening would indicate. It needs to be recognized as a matrix of inter-relating areas that overlap, with complex inter-relationships. A wider and more accurate definition will communicate effectively the wideness of plants, their cultivation and their use for sustainable human ex istence. The popular gardening activity sense fails to convey the in-chief(postnominal) role that horticulture plays in the lives of individuals, communities and human societies as a whole. Describing its impact on the physiological, psychological and social activities of people is key to expanding our understanding however the cultivation of a garden, orchard, or nursery and the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, or nonfunctional plants as well as the science and art of cultivating such plants will suffice to sketch the epitome of a short description.Expanded the traditional understanding of horticulture beyond garden cultivation. Turkey (1962) gave an over gull of those involved in the field of horticulture, in stating that there are those who are refer with the science or biological side, those concerned with the business side and fin all(prenominal)y those who are concerned with the home or art side, which enjoy plants scarce for the satis evention they get from th em. Primarily it is an art, but it is intimately connected with science at every point. Relf highlighted the fact that, in limiting the definition of horticulture severely limits an understanding of what horticulture means in terms of human well-being. Relf provided a comprehensive definition of horticulture as the art and science of plants resulting in the development of minds and emotions of individuals, the enrichment and health of communities, and the integration of the garden in the breadth of modern civilization.In addition, Half acre and Barden (1979), Janick and Goldman (2003). Further extended the scope of horticulture when they agreed that the origins of horticulture are intimately associated with the history of humanity and that horticulture encompasses all life and bridges the gap amidst science, art and human beings. This broader vision of horticulture embraces plants, including the multitude of products and activities (oxygen, food, medicine, clothing, shelter, celebr ation or remembrance) essential for human survival and people, whose active and passive elaboration with the garden brings virtually benefits to them as individuals and to the communities and cultures they encompassGreenhouse effectA representation of the exchanges of energy between the source (the Sun), the Earths surface, the Earths melodic line, and the ultimate sink outer space. The ability of the atmosphere to capture and recycle energy emitted by the Earth surface is the defining characteristic of the babys room effect. The nursery effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is negligent by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.Solar radiation at the frequencies of visible light largely passes through the atmosphere to warm the planetary surface, which then emits this energy at the lower frequencies of infrared thermal radiation. Infrared radiation is absor pick out by greenhouse gases, which in bias re-radiate much of the energy to the surface and lower atmosphere. The weapon is named after the effect of solar radiation fugacious through glass and warming a greenhouse, but the way it retains heat is fundamentally different as a greenhouse works by reducing airflow, isolating the warm air inside the social system so that heat is not lost by convection.If an ideal thermally conductive blackbody was the akin distance from the Sun as the Earth is, it would have a temperature of about 5.3 C. However, since the Earth reflects about 30% of the incoming sunlight, the planets effective temperature (the temperature of a blackbody that would emit the same amount of radiation) is about 18 C,78 about 33C below the actual surface temperature of about 14 C. The mechanism that produces this difference betwe en the actual surface temperature and the effective temperature is due to the atmosphere and is known as the greenhouse effect. Earths born(p) greenhouse effect makes life as we know it possible. However, human activities, originally the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests, have intensified the natural greenhouse effect, causing global warming. young ELECTRONICSHome applianceNumerous appliances are found in the kitchen. Home appliances are electrical/ machinelike machines which accomplish some household functions, such as cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified into* Major appliances, or White goods* Small appliances, or Brown goods* Consumer electronics, or Shiny goodsThis voice is also noticeable in the service area of these kinds of products. Brown goods usually require high technological knowledge and skills (which get more complex with time, such as going from a soldering weightlift to a hot-air soldering station), while white goods need more pra ctical skills and brute force to pull wires the devices and heavy tools required to repair them. voltaic blanketIn the US the electric blanket is a blanket with an integrated electrical heating device usually placed above the top bed sheet. In the UK and Commonwealth, electric blanket commonly refers to an electric mattress pad, which is placed below the bottom bed sheet. Electric blankets usually have a control unit which adjusts the amount of heat the blanket produces. Blankets for larger surface beds often have separate controls for each side of the bed. The electric blanket may be utilise to pre-heat the bed before use or to keep the occupant warm while in bed. new-fashioned electric blankets have carbon fibre wires. These blankets usually work on 24 volts instead of the one hundred ten/240 volts. Therefore, they are advertised as being a safer, more efficient and more comfortable alternative.Zhangjiajie, chinaware The Bailong Elevator is the worlds largest exterior elevat or. At over 1,000 feet tall, this elevator looms high midway up a cliff overlooking a valley far below. Moreover, the elevator is mostly glass, affording passengers a dizzying view to the depths below. There is some concern, however, about the elevators long-term impact on the surrounding natural environment.Yangtze, China The Three Gorges Dam has drawn fire from people around the world for its role in raising water levels and displacing megs of Chinese residents in the area. As a work of engineering, however, it is unparalleled. It will be the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, 600 feet high and holding 1.4 trillion cubic feet of water behind 100 million cubic feet of concrete. This engineering wonder will also eventually provide as much as 10% of Chinas vast power needs.TechnologyBy the mid 20th century, human had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the atmosphere of the Earth for the first time and explore space. Technology is the making, modification, us age, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, business deals, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting outcome to a problem, achieve a goal or perform a unique(predicate) function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as early(a) animal species ability to control and adapt to their natural environments.The word technology comes from Greek (technologa) from (tchn), meaning art, skill, craft, and - meaning study of-.1 The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology. The human species use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into unreserved tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the rotate helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessen physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Justice with Michel Sandel

umpire with Michel Sandel Silvia Molina University of Texas at El Paso Justice with Michel Sandel Harvard university professor Dr. Michel Sandel introduces 2 lecture episodes that discuss a number of philosophy related issues. In the commencement episode The Moral Principles Dr. Sandel begins the lecture with a story of a trolley cart in a path that may lead kill iodine, or five people. The decision to kill the one person in oppose to five, is left to a show of hands by participating students. The vatic scenario he paints in the story is to introduce chaste reasoning.The students then participate in a searing persuasion discussion to conclude what would be incorruptity correct, whether to kill the one person so that five should stand or vise versa. His story quickly unfolds to introduce two moral principles, one being consequentialist moral reasoning and the second is categorical moral reasoning. In the second part of his first lecture, Dr. Sandel discusses a truly popular nineteenth century law case involving an ocean stranded clustering of 4. Sandel proceeds to bulge out the discussion of the principles of utile philosopher, Jeremy Bentham.The inauguration of arguments of utilitarianism follows what is discussed in the second episode Putting a Price cut through on Life/How to Measure Pleasure. The lecture in episode two also includes discussions of critical regarding and arguments by the students to support their contrasting views. Part one of the second episode discusses the cost eudaemonia outline that companies follow to coif a price on gentle life. The second part in episode two introduces British philosopher John Stuart lounge who argues that utilitarian, those who have go through high pleasure and discredit pleasures will desire the high pleasure.Utilitarianism is further debated in the lectures of Dr. Sandel as he goes in to details viewing how utilitarianism plays a large role in everyday life circumstances as fountainhead as in economic agencys. The Moral Principal Episode part one opens up with Michel Sandel sharing a story about a trolley cart. The story is as follows, a trolley cart is on a deadly path headed to the fatal crash that will kill five people. The wheel on the trolley cart works and can be steered to kill entirely one person. The students be asked their educate opinions on what is the right thing to do given the circumstances of the story.Most students answered saving five gracious lives with the disbursal of one human life would be the right thing to do. When the story is deepend by Dr. Sandel and the human that is to hold on the lives of the five other(a)s is murdered the students opinions change. Sandel then proceeds to introduce the two moral principles that take place which atomic number 18 cosequentialist and categorical. Consequential moral reasoning is one that locates morality in the consequences of an act. Categorical locates morality in genuine duties and rights. Bo th these moral principals where greatly debated by the students. On the second part Dr.Sandel gives a brief founding to utilitarianism and the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham. It describes Benthams view on the balance of pleasure over pain and the belief of the blessedness or well being of the greatest number. The real life case presented, describes four sailors that survive aft(prenominal) a massive shipwreck and are now fighting for survival at sea. One of the four sailors gets sick and the others decide to kill him to feed of his body. One of the students finds the paper of cannibalism in the case of necessity chastely wrong and that it should not justify murder even though it would keep the rest of the three crew men alive.Another student defended the opposing view, by saying that as humans in a situation like such we got to do what we have to do to survive. Other circumstances are debated and the positions of the students change to be mor anyy ok to have eaten the fourt h member of the crew to keep the greater advantageously for the greater number. In the opposing view some students still deliberate that it is morally wrong to not value human life as equally as the weaker sailor. The thoughts of this very famous case are the debates of categorical morality and of Benthams idea of the greater good for the greater number.Michel Sandel opens the second episode with a brief history on philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Benthams views on utilitarianism is that the highest principal of morality whether personal or political it is to maximize the general welfare or utility. Bentham states that we are all governed by pain and pleasure and moldiness find a balance to achieve the greater good for the greatest number. Maximized utility is best attain when all the benefits are added up and all the costs are subtracted and the result is that happiness is greater than suffering. Dr. Sandel describes utilitarian logic as a cost benefit analysis that many corporation s as well as overnments use to give measure to human life usually in a monetary figure. A cost analysis example is based on a proposal to extend sales value to cigarette sales in the Czech Republic. The analysis concludes that the Czech government benefits more from smokers. The cost analysis conducted states that the benefits of smoking are greater because smoking increases tax revenue, increases health care savings when people divulge early, and no more pension payments to those elderly that die early. Therefore the only costs would be an increase health care, which in this case does not outweigh the benefits of smoking.In a way the analysis are full-grown a monetary value to human life. Another view point by Dr. Sandel, is the Pinto case where a cost analysis was conducted to see if the benefits of adding a protective plate to the car were lower than the costs of human lives affected by not adding a protective plate to the fuel tank of the Pinto car. In argument, the utilitar ian principle is discussed by some students that those lives and opinions of the minority should not be less valuable than those of the majority. Some students believe that no monetary value should be placed on human lives.In other circumstances the students think someone has to make those decisions to be able to adequately take risks in certain situations. The monetary value that is placed on a human life by conducting cost analysis is done for the well being of the greater good to conclude into making important decisions by companies as well as governments. The second part in episode two Dr. Sandel mentions a personal experience that raises the question if all values can be turned into utilitarian terms. The objection to transform all values in to a single uniform measure such as utilitarian is objected by John shop steward Mill.Mill believed that utilitarianism can be aligned with defending human rights. Mill also reasons that utilitarianism can distinguish higher pleasures from lower pleasures. The distinction of the lower and higher pleasure can be distinguished by having experienced both pleasures and one who has experienced both will choose the higher pleasure always. Dr. Sandel proves his point by showing the class three videos in which they must choose one that can be describe as the higher pleasure. After the viewing all three videos which were a break short by Hamlet, the other by fear factor, and finally The Simpsons.The class greatly agrees that the majority would pick the highest pleasure to be the clip by Hamlet and that Shakespeare is the highest pleasure out of all three. Exploring further the idea of utilitarianism a series of hypothetical moral reasoning situations can occur in the brother cities of El Paso, TX and Juarez, MX. The drug war contingency in the city of Juarez is crucially affecting a developing economy that participates in the NFATA trade agreement. self-aggrandizing corporations have positioned its manufacturing plants to o perate in the city of Juarez.With Juarez and El Paso trading goods and money extensively among countries raises the idea of the side by side(p) hypothetical scenario. In this hypothetical scenario involves a professional chief executive officer of a major corporation residing in Juarez. The CEO of the corporation lives in El Paso and has to cross the international border to Juarez to be able to catch work on a daily basis. Sadly on any given day the CEO finds himself kidnapped by one of the drug cartels that are at war in Juarez. The drug cartel is inquire for five one million million million dollars in ransom for the CEO of the company.Therefore the company is suffering 10 million in losses a day without its CEO leader that conducts all major profitable operations head for the hills by him in the company. This scenario brings up the use of cost benefit analysis or utility discussed by Bentham. What would the company do in this situation? What is greater good for the greatest number is the question that should be asked? Would it be worth it to the company to pay the ransom or would the death of the CEO result in greater profit of interest to the company. This example shows how a cost benefit analysis that can be conducted by the company in which it gives a monetary value to human life.It can be argued that in that respect are other moral benefits to saving the CEO not just for the company but perchance because his family needs him. In a way it can also be argued that it is morally wrong to put a price on human life and that no matter what the company should pay a ransom no matter the amount. It can also be said that the CEO can slow be replaced in less than half a day and that the company could save its 10 million dollar losses for the day. Whatever the decision in the hypothetical scenario might turn out to be, the idea of cost benefit analysis is one that is used by all companies and business around the world.One, peculiarly in business must someti mes come across difficult decisions and it is then when all theories moral reasoning and utilitarian must be applied to come to a conclusion. In sum, the discussion of the two episodes concludes that utility is applied to most certainly justice but to everyday decisions that are made by businesses around the world. Utilitarianism is referred by Bentham as the greater good for the greatest number in episode one of Justice with Michel Sandel.Last but not least in episode two, John Stuart Mill defends the concept of human rights in these words Justice is a name for certain moral requirements, which, regarded collectively, stand higher in the score of social utility and are therefore of more paramount obligation than any others. This quote, Mill says that it is ok to keep the laws and rules that exist only if there is a much greater reason for good luck them. Therefore utilitarians reason could be that saving a human life is a better reason in comparison to the loss of millions of doll ars a company could sustain.Mill and Bentham dispute significantly ideas and bring about extensive room to ponder, but it is in our reasoning that these ideas can be concluded and interpreted only by ones own moral reasoning. References Episode 01 Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel Online Harvard ladder Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http//www. justiceharvard. org/2011/03/episode-01/ remain Episode 02 Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship.Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http//www. justiceharvard. org/2011/02/episode-two/watch Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation (1780) Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from http//www. justiceharvard. o rg/resources/jeremy-bentham-principles-of-morals-and-legislation-1780/ The Queen vs Dudley and Stephens (1884) (The Lifeboat Case) Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Mcdonald’s Healthier Happy Meals Essay

McDonalds Happy Meals for children came under extreme scrutiny when parents, consumer-advocacy groups, and certain metropolis councils deemed it to be inappropriate to lure children to such an un water-loving meal by including a free wreak. In November 2011, the San Francisco city council decided to prohibit the addition of toys to meals that did not conform to specific nutritional values (Melnick, 2011). In July 2011 McDonalds announced that they plan to provide their customers with a healthier option.In order to successfully make these changes McDonalds hired a research group to conduct an extensive research and present them with a court effective solution. The Research Questions The querys the company had to look into to resolve this issue was * How can they make the meals for the children healthier magic spell principal(prenominal)taining the convenience that fast viands is k straightwayn for? * How can they cut the calories from their existing meals? * How can they make he althy forage desirable to children? * How can they keep these healthier options cost effective? * What would be the best trade strategy to launch these healthier changes?The Hypothesis A hypothesis explores a supposition or proposed business relationship made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for gain ground investigation (Merriam-Webster, 2013). In the exploration to raise a question and find an answer, the company has to face the question how can they make the meals for the children healthier while maintaining the convenience that fast food is known for? Through the geezerhood McDonalds has added a couple sensitive features to their menu like a wider weft in desserts, a value menu, and select new refreshing healthier choices to their fast food chain.But the question now is, how can they further cut the calories from these meals? Yes, McDonalds has gained a fine respect in the fast food industry for upgrading to healthier choices, but now the kids menu ma y need some revamping on their own. If the unfaltering menu can provide healthier choice selections like salads, less than 400 calories, and weight attestant approved items, what can they do about happy meals? A solution to providing a healthier selection is to offer a more beneficial meal that kids can enjoy.Apple bags, celery sticks, carrots, reduced milk, adust instead of fried items and healthier meat. Those are just a couple of suggestions to an issue that is easy to solve. The main purpose is to change the world one step at a time, and healthier living for is the new road to take. The Variables Local societies are becoming more health conscience and looking for healthier options when departure out to eat. Even though McDonalds did not follow the popular approach by luring throng in through the expenditure of famous celebrities, people felt that offering toys with their Happy Meals were unacceptable.The variables in a research scenario are considered to be independent (IV ) and dependent variables (DV). In this research scenario the independent variables are the food and the marketing strategy, while the amount of calories and interest of the children are the dependent variables. Many children were attracted to McDonalds Happy Meals for the toy they got with it and this is what their marketing strategy revolved around. In April 2012, The Times released the article Why were eating fewer happy meals.The articles main focus was McDonalds use of toys with their Happy Meals and the use of a clown who is hell-bent on the creepy mission of luring children into McDonalds, where theyll be fattened up and set up for a lifetime of regular fast-food dining visits (Tuttle, 2012, p. 1). Along with improving their Happy Meals, McDonalds has also changed their marketing strategy. They still offer the toys but it is no longer their main focal point. Instead they now examine Ronald McDonald playing around, participating in healthy activities and proclaiming that a healthier life style is a readiness of fun.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Outline and Evaluate Factors Influencing Eye Witness Testimony Essay

The term eye find out testimony refers to an area of research into the accuracy of memory concerning signifi trampt events, it is leg exclusivelyy considered to be a authoritative account of events. However, research into eye bump testimony has found that it can be impact by many psychological factors such as, anxiety and nisus, reconstructive memory, selective attention and star(p) questions. Anxiety and stress can be associated with many factors such as, violence and crime. Clifford and Scott (1978) found that participants who saw a film of a violent event remembered little of the information than a control group who saw a less stressful adaptation.However, Yuile and Cutshall (1986) found that witnesses of a real event had accurate memories of what happened. The police interviewed witnesses and thirteen of them were interviewed five months later. retort was found to be accurate, even after a long period of time. One weakness of this translate was that the witnesses who e xperienced the highest levels of stress where actually innovate at the event, instead of watching second hand from a film, and this may have helped with the accuracy of their memory recall. Selective attention is when the witness is able to describe angiotensin-converting enzyme detail, giving them less time to pay attention to other expand.It can also be because the witness is more potential to focus on a detail with more emotional significance, such as a weapon. Loftus et al. (1987) showed participants a series of slides of a customer at a restaurant. In on version the customer was holding a gun, in the other the customer held a chequebook. Participants who had been shown the version with the gun present tended to focus on the gun itself and not much else. As a result they were less likely to identify the customer as appose to those who had seen the chequebook version.Bartlett (1932) showed that memory is not just a factual recording of what has occurred, precisely that we mak e effort after meaning. By this, Bartlett meant that we savour to fit what we remember with what we really know and understand. As a result, we quite often change our memories so they become more sensible to us. He had participants play Chinese Whispers and when asked to recall the detail of the story, each soulfulness seemed to tell it in their own individual way. With repeating telling, the passages became shorter, puzzling ideas were rationalised or forgotten altogether and details changed to become more familiar or conventional.For this research Bartlett concluded, memory is not exact and is reprobate by existing preconceptions. It seems, therefore, that each of us reconstructs our memories to conform to our personal beliefs about the world. This clearly indicates that our memories are anything but reliable records of events. They are individual recollections, which have been shaped and constructed according to our stereotypes, beliefs, expectations etc. Loftus and Palmer (1 974) tested their hypothesis that the style used in eye witness testimony can alter and change memory.They aimed to show that leading questions could distort eye witness testimony accounts, as the account would become distorted by reminders provided in the question. To test this, they asked citizenry to estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions. Participants were shown slides of a car casualty involving a number of cars and asked to describe what had happened as if they were eye witnesses. They were then asked specific questions, including the question About how fast(a) were the cars going when they (hit/smashed/collided/ bumped/contacted) each other? The estimated speed was affected by the verb used.The verb implied information about the speed, which affected the participants memory of the accident. Participants who were asked the smashed question thought the cars were going faster than those who were asked the hit question. When people were asked a hebdomad after viewing the film whether they saw any broken glass at the scene (there was none), people in the smashed group were more likely to say yes. Therefore, a leading question that back up them to remember the vehicles going faster also encouraged them to remember that they saw non-existent broken glass.This suggests that memory is soft distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate memory. The addition of false details to a memory of an event is referred to as confabulation. This has important implications for the questions used in police interviews of eye witnesses. In conclusion, eye witness testimony can be influenced by a number of factors, including, anxiety and stress, selective attention, reconstructive memory and leading questions. They all have a large effect on eye witness testimony and affected the results in many different ways.

Friday, May 17, 2019

Brick & Click Essay

A brick kernel a retail neckcloth, and a mouse click means an e-commerce website. The main choice when a new order is starting out is whether to have a brick or a click to stop their company going. There ar several advantages and disadvantages to choosing either a brick or a click. unrivalled advantage of having a brick store to begin with is that when a new company starts people may be wary nigh completing a achievement online with the company as they do not know if it is trustworthy or not when giving out card flesh out and PayPal account details and similar things. Therefore, by beginning with a brick store people force out serve with others face to face and complete the transaction straight away. There is less chance of losing money or having card details stolen if you are using them yourself, rather than relying on someone or something else.If you have a problem, it is very easy and simple to deal with it in a brick store where it may be effortful to get in contact w ith those on a click e-commerce website as you would need to either save up a letter, use the telephone, send an e-mail or file a complaint online on the real(a) website and you may not get a response. In a brick store you tooshie manifestly go into the shop and deal with it there and do it face to face with an lockee of the company.Another advantage of a brick store is that if there is a problem with the product you understructure to a fault simply return it to the store and get a change of item or your money back, online this may be a problem as it will cost for postage and packing, it will also take much(prenominal) longer as well.One of the main advantages of starting with a brick store is the possibility of hackers that could put off consumers from purchasing items online. This therefore means that some people prefer to do their shopping in person in a retail store where they potentiometer see what is happening.Another advantage is that you can put your hands on a produ ct and test it, tosee if the customer likes the product. On a click store all you can do is look at an image with other details such as size and colour. You can for example try on clothes in store however you have to rely on a size being the same as similar clothing items that you own.However, there are also a variety of advantages to beginning with a click store. A main one is how much cheaper it is to simply open a website in comparison to a retails store. The company will not need to employ anywhere as near as the amount of people that would be employed in a retail store, as well as paying bills for the building and lighting and whatever else. All that is mandatory online is to make the website, maintain it and update it if necessary and then people working in a warehouse to send out the products to the customers.Another advantage is the convenience of a click store. This means that people can use it anytime of the day and the company dont need anyone on the website to complete a transaction or anything like that. This means that products can be purchased and ordered at any time that you indirect request to browse the internet. There is no opening and closing times to a click store.From an e-commerce store you can check to see if a product is in stock on one website and then if not just simply browse round all the other similar websites without leaving your base of operations and dress a website that has the product in stock and purchase it. You can go to other brick stores if the product you cute was not in one store, but it would take much longer and there is also much more companies online than there will be in the same town or city.It is much easier to celebrate a product online and you can simply use a search bar to enter keywords for what you are looking for and then browse all the results that it brings up. This will bring up hopefully what you were looking for as well as similar items which you may then prefer that you would not have known abou t if you had just walked into a shop and bought the product. You can also pay all bills and whatever is owed from your own home online which is much easier and simpler.

Thursday, May 16, 2019

Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Report - Essay grammatical caseThis helps us to engross in a business scenario design and recommend substitute strategies ensuring a all-encompassing market appraisal. Later in the document contains the endorsements for the modifications in the structure of the organization, bearing in mind the finest presumptive manner of handling the business collection and human possessions. An investigation is commenced with the financial assets and broad-spectrum corporation possessions as salubrious as product expansion founded on the gaining of innovative understanding (Augustin, 2011). Consequently, the document recommends designing the impression of strategic alteration in operational administration, and scrutinizes any global plans for the firm. Precisely, this analysis offers in depth strategic organize analysis of the corporations businesses and operations. The firms explanation delivers a perfect and impartial judgement of the companionships key strengths and weaknesses a nd the prospective opportunities and threats. This will aid to express strategies that supplement the trade by allowing you to comprehend their followers, patrons and competitors better. Introduction Sainsbury was established in 1869 and nowadays functioning in over 1,106 hypermarkets and suitability stores. The partnership has around 157,000 employees in all over the World. The slogan of the company is that we (the company) place our clients at the heart of the social unit thing we fix and have devoted in their stores, their contemporaries and their channels to distribute the greatest credibly shopping experience. Their resilient philosophy and value are the part of their uniqueness and essential to their success (Rowley, 2003). bone marrow values The core values of the company are given as Accomplishment improved both day the company emphasizes on enlightening its facilities. Countless services drive sales, however, there is a restrict that better provision is pointing to h igher sales. Discrete accountability team delivery even though teamwork is invigorated, decline a distinct in the firm has accountability in the conference service standards. Retain it modest, low-spirited and well-organized services are obtainable (jSainsbury, 2013). Admiration for the discrete employee each discrete worker within the company is appreciated for his extravagance services. The income of the business is intended for dissemination and improvement of the corporation (Yong, James, Kevin, and Donna, 2011,). Strategy The values of the J Sainsbury are the section of their extended term strategy of development. The company is ready to review and reinforce their strategy, in order to create a decent business sense and provision of an actual competitive hit (Wrigley, 2000). Business Performance The J Sainsbury has had one more efficacious year, outdoing the flea market in what residue a hard trading atmosphere. Their segment of the grocery shop is the uppermost for an era at 16.8% and they are at the moment the UKs second major grocer ensuing 35 uninterrupted quarters of standardised for like sales progress. We endure to aid customers Live Well for Less and stared like for like auctions up 1.45 for the 28 weeks up to 28 the September 2013 (Francis, 2011). Business case The J Sainsbury recognizes as true as their values and their 20 x 20 sustainability obligations play an immense part in their accomplishment. They deliver opportunities for the employees to discriminate themselves with client, dealers,

Wednesday, May 15, 2019

Business paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business paper review - try ExampleAt this point, the reader whitethorn become confused with regards to the exact problem being addressed, which may extend to the solutions being recommended for the problem. The progress report provides solid evidence that the author has do progress on the report. For example, there is evidence that he has researched on the problem being addressed by locating readying reports that are relevant from the training command website and from Navy Education.In addition, there is evidence that the writer interviewed experts relevant to the research problem, such as senior supervisors, while information was also sought from the junior sailors. The writer has also observed a formal instructor teaching at the transport support center. The writer also identifies what remains to be done, which is the formulation of solutions to current problems in acquiring technical skills among junior sailors. He also identifies finding enough time to read reports and condu ct research as an going liner the research, although this is non expected to affect the completion of the project on time. Finally, the writer also comments on changes to his work-schedule since set-back the project, although these changes are not identified. Overall, it is my opinion that the writer does provide convincing evidence on how the project is going.Kevin begins by providing the purpose for the progress report. The audience for whom the problem is to be solved is identified in the report as pet owners living in Berkshire SoCo apartment complex, as well as property management, owners, and all the residents of the apartment. The issue they are facing is also identified as problems with pet waste and litter that is found more or less the apartment, which is exacerbated by the high number of pets in the facility. However, the solution to the problem is not addressed in the introduction, although this is not confusing as the problem is already well posited. There is some evidence of progress made in

Tuesday, May 14, 2019

Transcendentalism and Into the Wile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Transcendentalism and Into the Wile - Essay ExampleThese elements include political parties and spectral systems that a person is exposed to. The religion advocates for independence and self-dependence among persons, as opposed to interdependence and communal amour in a persons life. It is one of their beliefs that only from such a setup so-and-so a truly functioning community be formed.Chris McCandless was truly a transcendentalist because he lived many another(prenominal) of the religions beliefs. These included non-conformity to the other religions, appreciation of nature and upholding the teachings of Thoreau and Emerson of a non-materialistic lifestyle, which include living a simplistic and contented life (Krakauer 174). He lived the lifestyle of a transcendentalist and practised their teachings. His appreciation of nature is well encapsulated by his adventure especially the adventure into the wilderness and his formal procedure of passage ascertained an understanding of hi s person-to-person growth. During his life, Chris exhibited a remarkable independence coupled with his ideas and actions that directly link him to the transcendentalist movement (Krakauer 67).There be many benefits linked to transcendentalism. One of the core things emphasized by transcendentalism is reflective practice and meditation. This helps a circularise in a persons health as they help reduce stress, anxiety, hyperactivity, effects of depression, management deficiency. It also helps improve a persons critical thinking skills thus helping in problem-solving and ensuring a more positive and clear outlook on life. Meditation plays a major case in improving a persons memory, thus developing decision-making and imaginative thinking. There are varieties of benefits that apply to children too. These include restoring balance and calmness, enhancing memory, increasing confidence, developing creativity, and increasing learning capability. The religion helps in the saving of natu re

Monday, May 13, 2019

Reflection essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Reflection - study ExampleIn this paper I will discuss that campus withdrawing is very important for college students as compared to online learning, while keeping in view my own experience of college campus.When I fall in my college, I met many other students and thus, started socializing with my peers, which is an integral part of personality development. My personality has groomed a lot by and by I cast joined my college. I know this when I compare myself to when I was in school. I believe that in campus learning, college students come to know how to coif in classrooms how to bear witness respect to teachers how to deal with peers and, how to show specify while learning. This socializing is beneficial for them in both short and long terms because they learn how to deal with life and its problems and how to cope with relationships. I learned how to communicate with my teachers and friends, which benefitted me in my personal life as well. Hence, campus learning teaches effec tive relationship management which cannot be learned through online learning.Campus learning makes students follow the deadlines in a better way, and they learn how to follow a set routine pattern for their studies. When I joined college, one of my friends, who is an online student, convinced me that college campus environment is very strict and makes the student follow the schedules forcibly. However, my experience has been different. I have been able to set my routine in a very effective manner. Online learning does not put up the students with these opportunities, because they tend to be relaxed since they do not have to confront teachers remarks and class fellows comments if they do not meet a deadline or are not dressed up neatly, and etcetera. Hence, campus learning teaches discipline in a much better way. I have learnt how to dress up neatly, how to convey my ideas face-to-face, and how to behave in groups and teams. I could never have learnt

Sunday, May 12, 2019

Unit #2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unit 2 - Research Paper ExampleAdditionally, the article influences the development of constitutions and laws for the successive devolved systems and units of government (Halbrook, 1998). Such units should not so enact laws that conflict with the federal constitutions.The provision of the article and its influence in the operation of the judiciary, justifies the decision of the control panel in the Bruesewitz v. Wyeth LLC case. The decision by the jurists sought to uphold the dictates of the clause owing to the fact that the clause serves a pivotal role in sustaining the unity of the states. While the parties had fundamental concerns arising from the conflict between them, the provisions of the clause settles the case thereby dispelling the application of the federal laws whenever the two conflict. The unity of the country is vital for the development of the nation. The clause therefore influenced the decision of the jurist in their judgment.The craft clause provides the social intercourse with the office staff to regulate commerce among several states, with foreign nations and with the Indian tribes. The contentious clause continues to operate thereby providing the congress with unparalleled power to regulate and determine the operations of international calling in the country. The clause states that the congress takes control of trade among states. This implies that the congress must oversee and sanction any business that exists between states. The law therefore provides the congress with power over the state governments since it must oversee any business existing between states. As the clause states, the government has the right to control specific commercial activities within the states. The interpretation of the constitution and the clause is definite. The government can only control a commercial activity involving two or more(prenominal) states.A commercial undertaking that exists between two or more involves more citizens. State constitutions

Saturday, May 11, 2019

Problem, search and selection Evidence based practice-NURSING Research Paper

Problem, search and selection Evidence based practice-NURSING - Research Paper employmentCaring and treating diabetic patients is a major burden on health care resources of any nation, because of the be involved in care and treatment of the complications associated with diabetes (Ray et al, 2005). Problems arising from diabetic foot constitute the most common primer for diabetics cosmos hospitalized. Efficient management of diabetic foot still remains a major commonwealth of concern, which is a reflection of the requirement for enhanced knowledge and practical skills among both medical and nursing professionals in the care of diabetic foot (Leese, 2009). Caring for diabetic foot ulcers to prevent progress of the infection to the prime of amputation becoming necessary is a challenge for nursing care, especially with multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGNB) being a frequent cause of the diabetic foot ulcer (Shakil & Khan, 2010).Treatment costs of ulcer in Australia ar e among the highest among many of the developed countries, where an infected ulcer treatment cost on an average is 2,433 Euros, piece it is 1,999 Euros in France, 1,783 Euros in Germany and 1,521 Euros in Canada (Ray et al, 2005).Reducing amputation outcomes in diabetic patients with diabetic foot ulcers has become an in-chief(postnominal) issue for the nursing staff in my ward. The exercise for gathering distinguish to be used in the ward towards this end is the nurse leader of the ward. Nurses maintain notes on the treatment and care provided for the patients and the outcomes to add to the evidence received through published papers. I am a part of this exercise. Treatment and care policies give over for the care of these patients are derived from evidence of studies, but need to be fine tuned for better standards and effectual nursing care for these patients. The nursing manager and the administration cooperate for in these efforts, which enable monthly meetings to check up on the success of efforts and the new and emerging evidence on

Friday, May 10, 2019

Testing CAPM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Testing CAPM - Essay ExampleFor better clarity in the results, the number of replications was set to 1500. The bias and the accuracy of the significance tests are get outd below for each observation survey.From the to a higher place results, the bias for the YSeries is -0.331 and has a very low standard deviation of 0.008. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) is an absolute survey of the residuals. A low mensurate indicates a better fit. The RMSE is relatively higher for the Intercept in similitude to the RMSE values for the XSeries and YSeries, suggesting that the latter two parameters exhibit a better absolute fit to the given data. The EDFs from the outline is shown belowBased on the above results, X5% should be 1.96 for the null hypothesis to be true. However, the upper bob quantiles in the case of both variables (XSeries and YSeries(-1)) lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis since their 5% values exceed the tiny value of 1.96.The null hypothesis in the case of both the variables is that H0 = 0 for a given value 0 (sample mean). The alternative hypothesis in either case states that Ha 0, indicating a two follow test.The author indicates the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the true mean differs from the hypothetical mean. From the above two cases, the power for YSeries(-1) is much greater than that for the XSeries indicating a greater probability for rejection of the null hypothesis in the case of the latter.The bet below shows the bias for the parameters when configured for 30 observations. It appears that the bias has reduced in the case of both estimators as a result of this increase in the number of observations (compared to the earlier simulation with 10 observations) indicating that the new estimates provide a better fit. The RMSE values have also reduced suggesting a similar conclusion. However, the higher RMSE value for the intercept indicates a comparatively lower fit with respect

Thursday, May 9, 2019

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay - 1

Martin Luther indexs earn from Birmingham Jail - Essay ExampleKing indorseed are the ones that guide the contemporary social workers. He believed that people had equal rights, despite of the color of their skin and their ethnic origin, and he proved that restricting those rights demeans some(prenominal) the oppressed and the oppressors. In the contemporary society where segregation according to various tokens, beginning from race and windup with sexual orientation or religious affiliation is still a vital problem, his ideas are re eithery valuable.In the Letter from Birmingham Jail the author did his best to prove the right of his people to organize courtly non-violent actions of protest, as they were prohibited in the city of Birmingham at those times. In order to prove his viewpoint, Martin Luther brings the examples from the religious sources, much(prenominal) as the New and Old Testament, from the history of the American democracy, and from the world history.For example, in order to explain and support his vision of the just and unjust laws Martin Luther provides the words of the middle-age catholic religious leader and mystic St. Thomas Aquinas, and when the fatality for the civil disobedience needs to be proved, he brings the example of the people who disobeyed the command to give all the Jews to the Nazi government both in Germany and occupied countries. To support this claim he also recalled the earlier Christians who refused to obey the orders of Nebuchadnezzar, as those were against their moral and religious beliefs.In order to clear himself from the accusations in the extremism, Martin Luther recalled the well-known phrases and sayings by the famous people like Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, John Bunyan and the Christs apostle, Paul, which sounded extremist, but their aim was clear and just he proved that they were the extremists for love, justice and freedom.In his writing Martin Luther talked about priests and ministers, clearly displ aying that all of them were sometimes capable of the elevated words and deeds, and of the cowardice or malice prepense. The author emphasized that social status or affair doesnt determinate the moral qualities of the human organism. This idea is one of the basic principles of the contemporary social work. It is believed that a mortal who is in need has the right to receive help despite of age, race, gender, social status etc. Dr. King was one of the most prominent social activists who introduced this idea into the minds of ordinary Americans, bringing this value from the religious stadium to the social one.Martin Luther King was a religious person, and at the beginning of his fight he hoped that the white clergy result support his claims, as they coincided with the values and norms that were promoted by them. Unfortunately, according to his own words some have been at once opponents, refusing to understand the freedom movement and misrepresenting its leader era an too many oth ers have been more alert than courageous and have remained silent behind the anesthetizing security of stained-glass windows.By those actions the white religious leaders change numerous black, Latina and even white followers from their churches, as it was obvious for those people that by oppressing or being neutral towards the anti segregation movement is against all the principles they proclaim on their Sunday preaching, against the norms and values state in the Bible.Those events also gave Martin Luther King the opportunity to show to the

Wednesday, May 8, 2019

Emergency Disaster Legal Issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Research Paper

Emergency Disaster healthy Issues after Hurricane blond deep down virgin Jersey - look into Paper ExampleLegal offices have been open in the region to extend populate with access to benefits, acquire safe inexpensive housing, and manage other legal problems to assist families and the humans pull through Hurricane Sandy. In order to prevent communities from the devastating effects of any other emergency, some(prenominal) policies have been implemented accordingly. Reflecting on this context, this paper critically examines emergency disaster legal issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Jersey from a broad point of view. In order to successfully visit the subject, the paper also provides the central research question and the purpose of the research, research methodology, and appropriate recommendations accordingly. The Central Research Question and the Purpose of the Research The occurrence of disaster in any given society leads to plentifulness killings and destruction of p roperty in the long run. The happening of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey has ferment an important issue of discussion in recent times. The debate over the disaster has been aimed towards finding divulge the most valuable measures, which should be implemented in the region to help people (National Disaster Legal Aid, 2012). Whenever a disaster hits any given region, there are several legal issues which arise among the victims. some(prenominal) measures must be adopted appropriately in order to solve such legal issues within the shortest time possible. With the intention of addressing the legal issue in the affected region, legal economic aid is always considered of enceinte importance (Perry, 2012). Legal assistance provided in New Jersey takes account of the following. The first legal assistance is returning legal documents lost and damaged during the incidence. The second legal assistance is providing medication and property indemnification claims to the victims whilst the oth er legal assistance is to give counseling on issues related to tenant and landlord. Building on this perspective, it is worth noting that the central research question of this paper revolves around preparing a report in frequent of the legal issues of the disaster. This implies that the central question of the research forms a point of reference from where the purpose of the research is tacit clearly. It is worth noting that, all the way through the state, revitalization efforts are well in progress (Summar, 2012). The revival efforts are aimed towards saving the lives of all people affected by the disaster. In that sense, the purpose of the research is to look the negative impacts of a disaster, examine the necessary policies that are put into practice towards addressing the emerging issues, and define how victims of the misfortune can be helped to recover sooner or later. Research Methodology After evaluation of the disaster, the danger and Vulnerability Analysis prepared by the legal offices at New Jersey announced that the people were equally at risk of incompatible types of disasters. It is appropriate for a community to have well nonionized emergency operations against any emergency. After an analysis has been done and the community has been found vulnerable to opposite types of disasters, there is the need to come up with emergency plans to address the situation (Perry, 2012). For the community, there are both ways to go about this we can have a Disaster Specific Plan for the different disasters or have a General Emergency Management Plan for addressing any of the four disasters whenever

Tuesday, May 7, 2019

Function of Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Function of Management Paper - Essay ExampleThe quartette functions of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling the organizational norms and domains. These four functions work excrete in hand to bring to the organizational horizon a well-composed culture which is complete from all angles and perspectives. It is important that the four functions generalize the need of proper incorporation of their own selves so that the organizational culture develops as a result. If the activities indoors an organization are adequately planned there is a strong possibility that the culture go away underline the need of prioritizing things and hence a general planning regime would be in place.Organizing would express premeditation of the steps which are important for the organizational procedures and undertakings and hence when the same are followed on a day to day basis, the organizational culture develops automatically. Leading comes from the leadership tenet where the top management understands its referable role and hence embeds the much needed delegation and management skills required for the organization in essence. The nett function is of controlling the organizational matters so that there is no element which has not been taken care of. All these four functions work alongside each other to construct an organizational culture which is alimental and has a significant basis on the working procedures, undertakings and domains of the organization. (Warner, 2001) A healthy organizational culture could be instilled if the correct steps are taken at the right time so that the employees and the management are at ease with each other and also so that the activities, processes and strategies within the organizational tenets do not seem to be a misfit within the whole organizational regime.3. Leading Includes traits of a person who is in-charge and chip in all the time, could be easily replicated for a team which could be regarded as a group saving ab out proactive

Monday, May 6, 2019

Pharmaceutical Treatment Options for Myasthenia Gravis Article

Pharmaceutical Treatment Options for Myasthenia Gravis - Article ExampleThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has the distinction of being the first site of a defined autoantibody mediated neurological disease, viz. myasthenia gravis (MG), which is due to autoantibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (Vincent, 2002). Other targets at the NMJ include muscle specific kinase (MuSK) in MG patients without AChR antibodies. About 20% of MG patients with generalized disease in Europe, North America and Japan do not have AChR antibodies. These so called seronegative MG patients can be divided into two groups those with antibodies to MuSK and those without AChR/MuSK seronegative MG (SN-MG) (Hoch etal, 2001).In normal neuromuscular transmission depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminal produces an influx of calcium with voltage-gated calcium channels. Vesicles containing acetylcholine (ACh) then fuse with the presynaptic nerve terminal membrane. After release, ACh interacts with the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on the muscle endplate surface. This opens the AChR channel, resulting in an influx of cations, largely sodium. Depolarization of the muscle surface produces an excitatory endplate potential, and if the endplate potential is of commensurate amplitude, muscle surface voltage-gated sodium channels are opened. This generates an action potential that eventually results in excitation-contraction duo and muscle movement. ACh binds transiently to its receptor and then either diffuses from the neuromuscular junction or is hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), providing a self-limited response to nerve depolarization.In MG, antibodies are directed against the acetylcholine receptors (AChR antibodies). AChR antibodies interfere with neuromuscular transmission through one of three mechanisms- First, some bind to the AChR cholinergic binding site, blocking the binding of ACh. Second, some AChR antibodies cross-link muscle surface AChRs, increasing their ra te of internalization into muscle and reducing the anatomys of available AChRs. Third, and perhaps most importantly, AChR antibodies that bind complement result in destruction of the muscle endplate, and a more undestroyable loss of AChRs. Drugs like acetylcholinestrase inhibitors nhibits AChE, increasing the amount of ACh available to interact with available AChRs, thus prolonging the action of Ach, and allowing muscle contraction.Pharmacological treatment Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are the first pharmacological choice in the treatment of MG. Acetylcholinesterase is an acetylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme which binds the overflowing acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction, keeping the junction clean from excessive transmitter. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors bind to the acetylcholinesterase, inhibiting its action. Pyridostigmine is a more recent long reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors increase the amount of available acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. This leads to enhanced binding of acetylcholine to the diminished number of AChRs on the myasthenic muscle cell membrane, causing contractility improvement (Millard and Broom field, 1995)When additional pharmacological tre